An electrical device designed to detect some specified condition in a power system, and then command a circuit breaker either to trip or to close in order to protect the integrity of the power system, is called a protection, or protective,. An electrical device designed to detect some specified condition in a power system, and then command a circuit breaker either to trip or to close in order to protect the integrity of the power system, is called a protection, or protective, relay. As we will see in this chapter, there is a wide variety of protective relay types and functions: overcu. Protective relays have seen widespread use in industrialized power systems since the early twentieth century, with continued technological development. The earliest protective relay technologies were electromagnetic in design, a great many of them based on the “induction disk” design whereby out-of-phase AC magnetic fields caused an aluminum disk t. Later protective relay designs used electronic circuits rather than electromagnetic mechanisms to detect and time overcurrent conditions. This Basler model BE1-79M “reclosing” relay is illustrative of early solid-state generation protective relays: Like the earlier generation induction-disk relays, this electronic relay is also a “draw-out” style,.