Centralized split architecture is a fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) network design that utilizes single-stage optical splitters located in a central hub. This approach contrasts with cascaded split architectures, which use multiple splitter stages distributed throughout the. Bandwidth is shared amongst customers in a PON, and the bandwidth received by a customer is not related to the power received at the optical network terminal (ONT) as long as the power is high enough so the ONT can operate. Splits are most commonly factors of 2, such as 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, 1x16, 1x32. By dividing a single optical signal from a central Optical Line Terminal (OLT) into multiple outputs for Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) at users' homes, splitters eliminate the need for dedicated fibers to each residence—slashing infrastructure costs while scaling network reach. Unlike conventional optical splitters, which only divide optical signals, PoF splitters integrate power injection. The Fiber Broadband Association has released a guide called “Introduction to Passive Optical Network Splitter Architectures. Split ratio selection directly affects power margin, network scalability, and fault isolation complexity. Each additional output branch increases theoretical.