This review provides an overview of flame-retarding and fire-warning mechanisms, diverse multifunctional nanocomposites, and the evolving trends in the development of fire alarm systems anchored in graphene-like 2D nanomaterials and their derivatives. Each micromodule of the plurality of micromodules Embodiments of the disclosure relate to an optical fiber cable. The optical fiber cable includes a cable sheath having an interior surface and an exterior surface. The interior surface defines a longitudinal bore and the exterior surface defines an outermost surface of the optical fiber cable. The. Graphene-like 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, MXene, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, present a promising avenue for eco-friendly flame retardants.
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