Recent results on highly reliable 940nm multi-junction high power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are presented with target applications in depth sensing and Light Detection Ranging (LiDAR) markets. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser, comprising: light-emitting units (20) arranged in an array, wherein the light-emitting units arranged in an array are located on a surface of a substrate (10); a first passivation layer (40), the first passivation layer (40) being located on the surfaces. The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL / ˈvɪksəl /) is a type of semiconductor laser diode with laser beam emission perpendicular from the top surface, contrary to conventional edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (also called in-plane lasers) which emit from surfaces formed by cleaving. What are Vertical Cavity Surface-emitting Lasers? VCSELs are semiconductor lasers, more specifically laser diodes with a monolithic laser resonator, where the emitted light leaves the device in a direction perpendicular to the chip surface. The resonator (cavity) is realized with two semiconductor. In the dynamic world of photonics, where precision and efficiency reign supreme, the Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser, or VCSEL, stands out as a revolutionary technology. VCSELs were first invented in the mid-1980's. Very soon, VCSELs gained a reputation as a superior technology for short reach applications such as fiber channel, Ethernet and intra-systems links. Optical based data busses will have higher performance (e. ), lower weight and power, and reduced sensitivity to electromagnetic effects than copper-based alternatives.